̱ ڿ Ҽ ǰ̴. 1893 ̽ (٣) ں Ͽٰ 1896 ϰ ٿ Ͽ. (ʶ) ڶ ҳ ű Ÿ ϴ ߽, Ұᡤ֡¡ ⸸ ȸ عٴ ϰ , ̱ ȸ ū ־. (λ) ________________ ̱ ڿ ۰ ũ ̳ ڻ̷а Ҵ. ڿ ۰鿡 ΰ ϸ ΰ , ȯ, 쿬 ȸ, ο ȴ. ΰ ڶ ҳ ű(Maggie) η ϰ ϰ Ǵ ΰ ű ʹ ȯ, 쿬 ο ̴. ű Ÿ ű ⺸ٴ ̰ ȸ ۿ ִ. Ÿ Ρ̶ ״ űⰡ Ÿ ȸϴ ΰ Ǿٴ ǹ̿ Բ ű ü ΰ 깰 ǹѴ. 19 ̱ ȸ ȭ ȭǸ鼭 Ǿ. ũ ̷ ״ÿ ִ 뵵 ο ǰ ں ν, 롱(genteel tradition) Ҽ뿡 ݱ⸦ Ҽ ̰ ȴ. ũ ̽(Jonston Smith) ǰ ں ϰ ͵ ̷ ̰ ̾. ũ ڿ ۰μ 塻(The Red Badge of Courage) ļ(The Open Boat) 巯µ, ̵ ǰ ϸ ̸ ϴ 쿬 һ̸, ϴ ΰ ƴ϶ ̴. ũ ڿǴ ũ 븮(Frank Norris) ÿ (Theodore Dreiser) ̾, ư Ŭ(Upton Sinclair) ߹۰(Muckraker)Ե ְ ȴ. ( )